Understanding Menopause

Menopause is a natural part of ageing that marks the end of a woman’s reproductive years. It’s officially diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period - provided there’s no other medical explanation. This transition usually occurs between ages 45 and 55, with the average age in the UK being 51. It results from a decline in the ovaries’ production of key hormones, primarily oestrogen and progesterone.

 

While menopause is universal, the experience of it is deeply personal. Some women have no noticeable symptoms, while others find the physical and emotional changes highly disruptive. Symptoms typically begin during perimenopause - the transitional phase leading up to menopause - and can last for several years. These include hot flushes, night sweats, disrupted sleep, vaginal dryness, mood swings, joint pain, memory issues, and weight gain, particularly around the abdomen.

 

As hormone levels drop, changes in skin, bone, brain, and cardiovascular health may also occur. Oestrogen plays a protective role in many systems of the body, so its loss can increase the risk of osteoporosis, heart disease, and high cholesterol. Mental health may also be affected, especially if symptoms are severe or poorly understood.

 

For some women, menopause is triggered prematurely due to surgery, chemotherapy, or underlying health conditions. Menopause before age 45 is considered early; before age 40, it’s referred to as premature ovarian insufficiency. These women may need additional medical support and long-term care planning to protect their health.

 

Though menopause can bring challenges, it can also be a time of renewal. With access to accurate information, supportive care, and the right treatment plan - ranging from lifestyle changes to HRT - many women are able to manage their symptoms and maintain their wellbeing throughout and beyond the transition.